Restorative and Transformative Justice Responses to Sexual Violence

Background: #MeToo movement raised the profiles of restorative justice (RJ) and transformative justice (TJ) in the United States (US) as approaches to repairing harm resulting from sexual violence that center survivors’ needs and emphasize meaningful accountability for persons responsible for harm. This focus on RJ and TJ as viable approaches to sexual violence represents a departure from carceral interventions, which has dominated the US public discourse for decades. Given the shift, mapping the current state of knowledge is critical for practice, policy and research. This scoping review aims to map the available literature to provide an overview of RJ and TJ as responses to sexual violence. Methods/Design: The proposed scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Joana Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews (Peters, Godfrey-Smith, & Mcinerney, 2017). The concept of interest is the use of RJ and TJ as responses to sexual violence. This scoping review will include both peer-reviewed and grey literature. We will employ a standardized extraction form and represent the data using a descriptive summary, charts and tables that align with the stated objectives. Discussion: Since the #MeToo movement emerged in 2017, public interest in RJ and TJ as meaningful responses to sexual violence has grown. This comprehensive scoping review will systematically organize the literature in order to understand the current landscape of evidence related to these approaches. Given the transformative potential of these interventions, past controversies, and current public interest in the approaches, understanding the current state of knowledge is critical for practice, policy and research

Phosphorus Deficiency Induced Silicon Mobilization in Grapevine Rhizosphere: A Field Study

Silicon (Si) uptake by crops is well studied and Si transporters have been characterized in various crop species, including grapevine. However, information on the rhizosphere mobilization of Si is still lacking and virtually no information is available on grapevine. Our previous study showed that grapevine is a phosphorus (P)-efficient species with a high root capacity to mobilize P from the rhizosphere by the released of organic anions (mainly citrate). The field experiment was established in 12-y-old vineyard with the cultivar ‘Chardonnay’, grafted on 5BB rootstock under extremely low P conditions (Olsen P < 3 mg kg-1). Four own-designed rhizotrons (80 cm depth) were installed in a vineyard enabling easy access to the new intact roots. The following treatments were performed: –P/–Si, +P/–Si, –P/+Si (soil application) and –P/+Si (foliar application). The samples of rhizosphere and bulk soils, root exudates from intact root tips and vine tissues (root and leaves) were collected at different growth stages according to Eichhorn-Lorentz (E-L) system: flowering (E-L stage 23), berries pea-size (E-L stage 31), and veraison (E-L stage 35). In addition to Si and P concentrations in the tissues, the expressions of VvALMT, VvMATE (encoding efflux transporters for malate and citrate, respectively), and VvNIP2.1 (encoding Si influx transporter) were also determined. Phosphate fertilization decreased, while low soil P and Si fertilization increased Si availability in the rhizosphere. At the flowering stage, –P plants accumulated more Si than the P-fertilized ones and was comparable to the Si-fertilized plants. Foliar application of Si was less effective in comparison with soil application unless at the veraison stage. The leaf Si concentrations showed a clear seasonal pattern being the highest at the veraison stage. Exudation rate of citrate also showed a clear seasonal pattern and was significantly higher in the –P/–Si than in +P/–Si plants, which was followed by an increased Si availability in the vine rhizosphere. Overall, low P conditions induced Si accumulation in the leaves due to increased exudation of organic anions that can also mobilize Si in the rhizosphere, thereby increasing Si uptake by grapevine

L’IRM avec gadolinium : un outil diagnostique et pronostique dans le cadre de la surdité brusque

La surdité brusque est définie comme une perte auditive de plus de 30 décibels dans 3 fréquences séquentielles à l’audiogramme tonal sans cause objectivable. La résonance magnétique est l’examen complémentaire le plus utilisé pour rechercher une étiologie. Sa valeur diagnostique et pronostique n’est pas connue. Notre étude rétrospective inclut des patients adultes atteints de surdité brusque unilatérale évalués en ORL entre 2005 et 2017. Les comptes rendus d'IRM ont été analysés en terme d'anomalies et de leur localisation anatomique puis comparés aux résultats auditifs. Parmi les 266 patients inclus, 88 (33%) avaient une IRM normale et 178 (67%) une IRM anormale. Une mauvaise récupération auditive est corrélée à 3 facteurs: anomalie du système nerveux central à l’IRM, âge supérieur à 70 ans et atteinte auditive initiale dans les fréquences aiguës

Bamboo nodes des cordes vocales : description d’un cas clinique et revue de la littérature

Les bamboo nodes sont des dépôts sous-muqueux au niveau des cordes vocales, dont l’aspect rappelle les nœuds du bambou. Le diagnostic se fait par laryngoscopie. Ces lésions sont toujours associées aux maladies auto-immunes : lupus érythémateux disséminé, polyarthrite rhumatoïde, maladie de Sjögren, thyroïdite d’Hashimoto et sclérodermie systémique. Le traitement n’est pas clairement établi dans la littérature. Il est conseillé de débuter par des stéroïdes systémiques et la logopédie. Si la régression des lésions laryngées n’est pas totale, on complète par des injections locales de stéroïdes et en dernier lieu par une exérèse chirurgicale du bamboo node. Nous présentons un cas clinique de bamboo nodes et une revue complète de littérature

Bamboo Nodes of Vocal Folds: A Description of 10 Cases and Review of the Literature

Bamboo nodes are vocal fold lesions, mostly associated with autoimmune diseases. This is a retrospective clinical study including 10 patients with bamboo nodes. Data were collected regarding associated autoimmune disorder and type of treatment. A systematic review of the literature was conducted

Why Do Parotid Pleomorphic Adenomas Recur? A Systematic Review of Pathological and Surgical Variables

BackgroundThe recurrence of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) has been extensively debated, mostly in relation to the extent of parotidectomy.MethodsA systematic review was undertaken to clarify the surgical and pathological variables related to PA recurrence. Inclusion criteria were as follows: English literature, and prospective or retrospective studies. Exclusion criteria were as follows: single case reports, reviews, and lack of PA recurrence data.ResultsPathology-related variables associated with recurrence include the histological subtype, the thickness and incompleteness of the tumor capsule, pseudopodia, and satellite nodules. Surgery-related variables associated with recurrence are the presence of intact margins and tumor puncture or spillage. Other factors are the size of the tumor and the age of patient. Myxoid subtypes of PA tend to have incomplete and thinner capsules and to recur more frequently. Surgical variables related to recurrence include positive margins and tumor spillage.ConclusionMyxoid and/or large PA, especially in young patients, should be approached more cautiously to avoid recurrences

Diagnostic value and prognostic significance of MRI findings in sudden sensorineural hearing loss

Purpose: We evaluated the clinical significance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and their prognostic value for initial hearing loss and recovery in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive adult patients with unilateral SSNHL, contrast-enhanced MRI and audiometric testing evaluated in our institution between 2005 and 2017. MRI reports, patient data, treatment, and audiometric tests were reviewed, with the relationship between MRI findings and hearing loss/recovery analyzed. Results: Overall, 266 patients were included. Additional symptoms comprised tinnitus (114/266; 43%), vertigo (45/266; 17%), ear pain (26/266; 10%), and ear pressure (6/266; 2%). At least one cardiovascular risk factor (hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, cardiopathy, and active smoking) existed in 167/266 (63%) patients. Corticosteroid treatment was followed by 198/266 (74%) patients while contraindications/refusal/compliance precluded treatment in 68/266(26%). Complete, partial or slight hearing recovery occurred in 167/266 (63%) patients. Three MRI patient groups were identified: a group with normal MRI examinations or incidentalomas (128/266; 48%), a group with peripheral auditory system (PAS) lesions (95/266; 36%), and a group with central nervous system (CNS) lesions (43/266; 16%). PAS lesions included lesions from the cochlea to the brain stem (e.g., schwannoma, meningioma, labyrinthitis, intracochlear hemorrhage, vestibulocochlear neuritis), whereas CNS lesions corresponded in 42/43(98%) of cases to leukoaraiosis and other vascular lesions (e.g., stroke, hemorrhage, aneurysm, venous sinus thrombosis, and cavernoma). Belonging to one of the three MRI groups did not influence the degree of initial hearing loss, affected frequencies or treatment, p &gt; .05. Gender and cardiovascular risk factors did neither affect initial hearing loss nor recovery. However, age &gt; 70 years negatively affected initial hearing loss in all frequencies, as well as recovery in all frequencies except 1000 Hz. Also, poor recovery of initial high-frequency hearing loss (&gt;1000 Hz) was significantly associated with CNS lesions. Conclusion: Age &gt; 70 years and CNS lesions depicted by MRI independently predicted poor auditory recovery, albeit in different frequencies. Lay Summary: In patients with sudden hearing loss, older age (above 70 years) predicts poorer hearing recovery than in younger patients in most hearing frequencies. In addition, abnormalities of brain tissue revealed by MRI predict poorer hearing recovery at high frequencies. Level of Evidence: Level III.</p